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Network

Transaction Retry / Rebroadcast

The practice of resubmitting a transaction multiple times until it lands or its blockhash expires, necessary because Solana does not guarantee delivery of any single submission and drops can occur at any pipeline stage. By default, Solana RPC nodes rebroadcast submitted transactions periodically, but this is unreliable; production applications implement client-side retry loops that resubmit the same signed transaction (with unchanged signature) at short intervals until confirmation is received or the blockhash expires (roughly 60–90 seconds after creation).

IDtransaction-retry
Plain meaning

Plain meaning

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The practice of resubmitting a transaction multiple times until it lands or its blockhash expires, necessary because Solana does not guarantee delivery of any single submission and drops can occur at any pipeline stage. By default, Solana RPC nodes rebroadcast submitted transactions periodically, but this is unreliable; production applications implement client-side retry loops that resubmit the same signed transaction (with unchanged signature) at short intervals until confirmation is received or the blockhash expires (roughly 60–90 seconds after creation).

Mental model

Mental model

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Technical context

Technical context

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Clusters, nodes, MEV actors, routing, and operating environments.

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Transaction Retry / Rebroadcast (transaction-retry)
Category: Network
Definition: The practice of resubmitting a transaction multiple times until it lands or its blockhash expires, necessary because Solana does not guarantee delivery of any single submission and drops can occur at any pipeline stage. By default, Solana RPC nodes rebroadcast submitted transactions periodically, but this is unreliable; production applications implement client-side retry loops that resubmit the same signed transaction (with unchanged signature) at short intervals until confirmation is received or the blockhash expires (roughly 60–90 seconds after creation).
Related: Transaction Landing, RPC (Remote Procedure Call)
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Concept graph

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Branch

Transaction Landing

The outcome of a transaction being successfully included and confirmed in a Solana block, as opposed to being dropped, expiring, or failing simulation. Landing probability is influenced by priority fee competitiveness, blockhash freshness (must be within ~150 slots of creation), submission routing (direct to leader vs. RPC rebroadcast), and network congestion on the accounts involved. Developers optimize landing rates by using current-leader TPU endpoints, setting appropriate priority fees, and preflight-checking transactions before submission.

TransactionPriority Fee
Open term
Branch

RPC (Remote Procedure Call)

The JSON-RPC 2.0 protocol interface through which clients communicate with Solana nodes to query chain state, submit transactions, and subscribe to events. Solana exposes a rich set of HTTP and WebSocket endpoints (e.g., getAccountInfo, sendTransaction) that abstract direct peer-to-peer network participation, making RPC the primary integration point for wallets, dApps, and indexers.

RPC NodeRPC Methods
Open term
Next concepts to explore

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Network

Transaction Landing

The outcome of a transaction being successfully included and confirmed in a Solana block, as opposed to being dropped, expiring, or failing simulation. Landing probability is influenced by priority fee competitiveness, blockhash freshness (must be within ~150 slots of creation), submission routing (direct to leader vs. RPC rebroadcast), and network congestion on the accounts involved. Developers optimize landing rates by using current-leader TPU endpoints, setting appropriate priority fees, and preflight-checking transactions before submission.

Open term
Infrastructure

RPC (Remote Procedure Call)

The JSON-RPC 2.0 protocol interface through which clients communicate with Solana nodes to query chain state, submit transactions, and subscribe to events. Solana exposes a rich set of HTTP and WebSocket endpoints (e.g., getAccountInfo, sendTransaction) that abstract direct peer-to-peer network participation, making RPC the primary integration point for wallets, dApps, and indexers.

Open term
Network

Validator Commission

The percentage of staking rewards that a validator retains before distributing the remainder to its delegators, configurable from 0% to 100%. A validator with 5% commission keeps 5% of all inflation rewards earned by its stake and passes 95% to delegators. Commission rates are set by the validator operator and can be changed at any time, though significant increases may cause delegators to redelegate. Delegators should monitor commission changes as part of validator selection.

Open term
Network

Mainnet Beta

Solana's primary production cluster where real SOL and real economic activity occur; the "beta" designation reflects the network's ongoing protocol development despite being fully live since March 2020. It uses the same architecture as other clusters but with real validator stakes, live staking rewards, and permanent on-chain state. All production dApps, tokens, and NFTs exist on Mainnet Beta.

Open term
Commonly confused with

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Networktransaction-fee

Transaction Fee

The total SOL cost to submit a transaction on Solana, composed of the base fee (5,000 lamports per signature) plus any optional priority fee (compute unit price × compute units consumed). Unlike Ethereum, Solana fees are not purely dynamic gas auctions — the base fee is fixed and priority fees are additive. Fees are deducted from the fee-payer account before execution; if the account lacks sufficient SOL, the transaction fails.

Open term
Networktransaction-landing

Transaction Landing

The outcome of a transaction being successfully included and confirmed in a Solana block, as opposed to being dropped, expiring, or failing simulation. Landing probability is influenced by priority fee competitiveness, blockhash freshness (must be within ~150 slots of creation), submission routing (direct to leader vs. RPC rebroadcast), and network congestion on the accounts involved. Developers optimize landing rates by using current-leader TPU endpoints, setting appropriate priority fees, and preflight-checking transactions before submission.

Open term
Networkprivate-transaction

Private Transaction

A transaction sent directly to the current block producer or through a private relay rather than being broadcast through public RPC nodes, reducing the window for MEV searchers to observe and exploit it before inclusion. On Solana, private transactions can be routed through Jito's Block Engine or via staked connections with direct TPU access. While no transaction is truly private on a public blockchain once confirmed, private submission minimizes the pre-inclusion observation window.

Open term
Related terms

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Networktransaction-landing

Transaction Landing

The outcome of a transaction being successfully included and confirmed in a Solana block, as opposed to being dropped, expiring, or failing simulation. Landing probability is influenced by priority fee competitiveness, blockhash freshness (must be within ~150 slots of creation), submission routing (direct to leader vs. RPC rebroadcast), and network congestion on the accounts involved. Developers optimize landing rates by using current-leader TPU endpoints, setting appropriate priority fees, and preflight-checking transactions before submission.

Open term
Infrastructurerpc

RPC (Remote Procedure Call)

The JSON-RPC 2.0 protocol interface through which clients communicate with Solana nodes to query chain state, submit transactions, and subscribe to events. Solana exposes a rich set of HTTP and WebSocket endpoints (e.g., getAccountInfo, sendTransaction) that abstract direct peer-to-peer network participation, making RPC the primary integration point for wallets, dApps, and indexers.

Open term
More in category

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Network

Mainnet Beta

Solana's primary production cluster where real SOL and real economic activity occur; the "beta" designation reflects the network's ongoing protocol development despite being fully live since March 2020. It uses the same architecture as other clusters but with real validator stakes, live staking rewards, and permanent on-chain state. All production dApps, tokens, and NFTs exist on Mainnet Beta.

Open term
Network

Devnet

A persistent public Solana cluster intended for application development and testing, running the same software version as Mainnet Beta but with no real economic value. Devnet SOL can be freely airdropped via the CLI or faucet APIs, and the ledger may be reset periodically by Solana Labs. Developers use Devnet to test programs and integrations before deploying to Mainnet Beta.

Open term
Network

Testnet

A public Solana cluster used primarily by the Solana core team and validators to test new software releases, performance benchmarks, and network upgrades under real network conditions before they reach Mainnet Beta. Testnet SOL has no monetary value, and the ledger is reset more frequently than Devnet; it is less suitable for application development and more suited for validator operators validating their infrastructure.

Open term
Network

TPS (Transactions Per Second)

The rate at which a Solana cluster processes and commits transactions; Solana's theoretical maximum exceeds 65,000 TPS due to its parallel execution model, though real-world sustained throughput on Mainnet Beta typically ranges from 2,000–5,000 non-vote TPS under normal load. Vote transactions (used for consensus) make up a significant portion of all on-chain activity and are counted separately. High TPS is enabled by Proof of History timestamps, Sealevel parallel execution, and Gulf Stream mempool-less forwarding.

Open term