Glossary OS

Lectura rápida

Empieza por la explicación más corta y útil antes de profundizar.

A clock mechanism that cryptographically proves the passage of time between events. PoH uses a sequential SHA-256 hash chain where each output becomes the next input, creating a verifiable ordering of events without requiring consensus. The leader produces ~400,000 hashes per slot (~400ms), and any validator can verify the sequence in parallel, enabling Solana's high throughput by removing the need for validators to agree on time.

Modelo mental

Usa primero la analogía corta para razonar mejor sobre el término cuando aparezca en código, docs o prompts.

Piensa en esto como el reloj criptográfico de Solana, dando a la red un sentido compartido de orden antes de que voten los validators.

Contexto técnico

Ubica el término dentro de la capa de Solana en la que vive para razonar mejor sobre él.

Consenso, rotación de líderes, slots, epochs y el runtime.

Por qué le importa a un builder

Convierte el término de vocabulario en algo operacional para producto e ingeniería.

Se vuelve más útil cuando navegas por Ruta de Runtime y necesitas vocabulario aterrizado dentro de un flujo real de build.

Ruta de Runtime

Handoff para IA

Usa este bloque compacto cuando quieras dar contexto sólido a un agente o asistente sin volcar toda la página.

Prueba de Historia (PoH) (proof-of-history)
Categoría: Protocolo Base
Definición: A clock mechanism that cryptographically proves the passage of time between events. PoH uses a sequential SHA-256 hash chain where each output becomes the next input, creating a verifiable ordering of events without requiring consensus. The leader produces ~400,000 hashes per slot (~400ms), and any validator can verify the sequence in parallel, enabling Solana's high throughput by removing the need for validators to agree on time.
Aliases: PoH
Relacionados: Slot, Calendario de Líderes, VDF (Función de Retardo Verificable)

Glossary Copilot

Haz preguntas de Solana con contexto aterrizado sin salir del glosario.

Usa contexto del glosario, relaciones entre términos, modelos mentales y builder paths para recibir respuestas estructuradas en vez de output genérico.

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Pregunta

Explicar este código

Opcional: pega código Anchor, Solana o Rust para que el Copilot mapee primitivas de vuelta al glosario.

Haz una pregunta aterrizada en el glosario

El Copilot responderá usando el término actual, conceptos relacionados, modelos mentales y el grafo alrededor del glosario.

Grafo conceptual

Ve el término como parte de una red, no como una definición aislada.

Estas ramas muestran qué conceptos toca este término directamente y qué existe una capa más allá de ellos.

Rama

Slot

A time window during which a designated leader validator can produce a block. Each slot lasts approximately 400 milliseconds. Slots are numbered sequentially from genesis and grouped into epochs of 432,000 slots (~2-3 days). Not every slot produces a block—a skipped slot means the leader was offline or too slow.

Bloque Época

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Rama

Calendario de Líderes

A deterministic mapping of slots to validators for an entire epoch, computed from stake weights. Validators with more stake are assigned proportionally more leader slots. The schedule is derived using a seed from the previous epoch's randomness, so all validators independently compute the same schedule without coordination.

Validador

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Rama

VDF (Función de Retardo Verificable)

Verifiable Delay Function—a function that takes a prescribed amount of sequential computation to evaluate but whose output can be quickly verified. Solana's Proof of History uses a SHA-256 hash chain as a practical VDF: computing the chain is inherently sequential, but verifying any segment can be parallelized across multiple cores.

Cadena de Hash SHA-256

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Siguientes conceptos para explorar

Mantén la cadena de aprendizaje en movimiento en lugar de parar en una sola definición.

Estos son los siguientes conceptos que vale la pena abrir si quieres que este término tenga más sentido dentro de un workflow real de Solana.

Protocolo Base

Slot

A time window during which a designated leader validator can produce a block. Each slot lasts approximately 400 milliseconds. Slots are numbered sequentially from genesis and grouped into epochs of 432,000 slots (~2-3 days). Not every slot produces a block—a skipped slot means the leader was offline or too slow.

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Protocolo Base

Calendario de Líderes

A deterministic mapping of slots to validators for an entire epoch, computed from stake weights. Validators with more stake are assigned proportionally more leader slots. The schedule is derived using a seed from the previous epoch's randomness, so all validators independently compute the same schedule without coordination.

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Protocolo Base

VDF (Función de Retardo Verificable)

Verifiable Delay Function—a function that takes a prescribed amount of sequential computation to evaluate but whose output can be quickly verified. Solana's Proof of History uses a SHA-256 hash chain as a practical VDF: computing the chain is inherently sequential, but verifying any segment can be parallelized across multiple cores.

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Protocolo Base

Raíz

A block that has reached maximum lockout depth in Tower BFT, meaning 31 or more consecutive confirmations have been built on top of it. Once a block becomes a root, it and all its ancestors are considered irreversibly finalized. The root corresponds to the 'finalized' commitment level in RPC queries and advances monotonically as the cluster processes new blocks.

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Términos relacionados

Sigue los conceptos que realmente le dan contexto a este término.

Las entradas del glosario se vuelven útiles cuando están conectadas. Estos enlaces son el camino más corto hacia ideas adyacentes.

Protocolo Baseslot

Slot

A time window during which a designated leader validator can produce a block. Each slot lasts approximately 400 milliseconds. Slots are numbered sequentially from genesis and grouped into epochs of 432,000 slots (~2-3 days). Not every slot produces a block—a skipped slot means the leader was offline or too slow.

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Protocolo Baseleader-schedule

Calendario de Líderes

A deterministic mapping of slots to validators for an entire epoch, computed from stake weights. Validators with more stake are assigned proportionally more leader slots. The schedule is derived using a seed from the previous epoch's randomness, so all validators independently compute the same schedule without coordination.

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Protocolo Basevdf

VDF (Función de Retardo Verificable)

Verifiable Delay Function—a function that takes a prescribed amount of sequential computation to evaluate but whose output can be quickly verified. Solana's Proof of History uses a SHA-256 hash chain as a practical VDF: computing the chain is inherently sequential, but verifying any segment can be parallelized across multiple cores.

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Rutas

Este término forma parte de una ruta curada de aprendizaje.

Usa estas rutas cuando quieras pasar de un lookup aislado a una exploración guiada.

Ruta

Ruta de Runtime

Entiende cómo Solana ejecuta trabajo antes de optimizar o debuggear.

6 términos

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Más en la categoría

Quédate en la misma capa y sigue construyendo contexto.

Estas entradas viven junto al término actual y ayudan a que la página se sienta parte de un grafo de conocimiento más amplio en lugar de un callejón sin salida.

Protocolo Base

Tower BFT

Solana's custom BFT consensus algorithm built on top of Proof of History. Tower BFT uses PoH as a clock to reduce communication overhead in traditional PBFT from O(n²) to O(n). Validators vote on forks with exponentially increasing lockout periods—each consecutive vote doubles the lockout, making rollbacks progressively more expensive. A fork is finalized when it reaches supermajority (66.7%+ of stake).

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Protocolo Base

Slot

A time window during which a designated leader validator can produce a block. Each slot lasts approximately 400 milliseconds. Slots are numbered sequentially from genesis and grouped into epochs of 432,000 slots (~2-3 days). Not every slot produces a block—a skipped slot means the leader was offline or too slow.

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Protocolo Base

Bloque

A set of entries produced by a leader during a single slot. A block contains transactions bundled into entries, each with a PoH hash proving ordering. Blocks are broken into shreds for network propagation via Turbine. Maximum block size is limited by compute units (48M CU cap per block) rather than byte size.

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Protocolo Base

Época

A period of 432,000 slots (approximately 2-3 days) that defines a staking cycle. At each epoch boundary, the leader schedule is recalculated based on stake weights, stake activations/deactivations take effect, and inflation rewards are distributed to validators and delegators.

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