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A portable binary instruction format designed as a compilation target for high-level languages, enabling near-native execution speed in web browsers and other environments. While Solana uses SBF (not WASM) for on-chain program execution, WASM is relevant to the ecosystem: some blockchain VMs (Polkadot, NEAR) use WASM, and Solana client-side tools may compile to WASM for browser-based dApps. Anchor IDL clients can run in WASM environments via @solana/web3.js.