Glossary OS

Lectura rápida

Empieza por la explicación más corta y útil antes de profundizar.

In elliptic curve cryptography, a point is 'on-curve' if it satisfies the curve equation (e.g., Ed25519) and can serve as a valid public key with a corresponding private key. An 'off-curve' point does not lie on the curve and has no associated private key. Solana Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) are deliberately generated as off-curve points by appending a bump seed, guaranteeing that no private key exists and only the owning program can sign for the address.

Modelo mental

Usa primero la analogía corta para razonar mejor sobre el término cuando aparezca en código, docs o prompts.

Piensa en esto como un bloque de construcción que conecta una definición aislada con el sistema mayor donde vive.

Contexto técnico

Ubica el término dentro de la capa de Solana en la que vive para razonar mejor sobre él.

Conceptos compartidos de cripto que dan marco al ecosistema más amplio.

Por qué le importa a un builder

Convierte el término de vocabulario en algo operacional para producto e ingeniería.

Este término desbloquea conceptos adyacentes rápido, así que funciona mejor cuando lo tratas como un punto de conexión y no como una definición aislada.

Handoff para IA

Usa este bloque compacto cuando quieras dar contexto sólido a un agente o asistente sin volcar toda la página.

On-Curve / Off-Curve (on-curve-off-curve)
Categoría: Blockchain General
Definición: In elliptic curve cryptography, a point is 'on-curve' if it satisfies the curve equation (e.g., Ed25519) and can serve as a valid public key with a corresponding private key. An 'off-curve' point does not lie on the curve and has no associated private key. Solana Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) are deliberately generated as off-curve points by appending a bump seed, guaranteeing that no private key exists and only the owning program can sign for the address.
Relacionados: Hash Function (Cryptographic), Firmante

Glossary Copilot

Haz preguntas de Solana con contexto aterrizado sin salir del glosario.

Usa contexto del glosario, relaciones entre términos, modelos mentales y builder paths para recibir respuestas estructuradas en vez de output genérico.

Abrir workspace completa del Copilot

Pregunta

Explicar este código

Opcional: pega código Anchor, Solana o Rust para que el Copilot mapee primitivas de vuelta al glosario.

Haz una pregunta aterrizada en el glosario

El Copilot responderá usando el término actual, conceptos relacionados, modelos mentales y el grafo alrededor del glosario.

Grafo conceptual

Ve el término como parte de una red, no como una definición aislada.

Estas ramas muestran qué conceptos toca este término directamente y qué existe una capa más allá de ellos.

Rama

Hash Function (Cryptographic)

A one-way mathematical function that maps arbitrary-length input to a fixed-size output (digest). Properties: deterministic, fast to compute, infeasible to reverse, collision-resistant. SHA-256 (used in Bitcoin, Solana PoH) produces 256-bit hashes. Keccak-256 is used in Ethereum. Hashes are used for block linking, Merkle trees, and data integrity.

Merkle Tree Prueba de Trabajo (PoW)

Abrir término

Rama

Firmante

An account that has provided a valid Ed25519 signature in the current transaction. The runtime enforces the is_signer flag on instruction account metas—if an instruction declares an account as a signer, the transaction must include its signature. Missing signer checks are a common vulnerability in Solana programs.

Autoridad Par de Claves

Abrir término

Siguientes conceptos para explorar

Mantén la cadena de aprendizaje en movimiento en lugar de parar en una sola definición.

Estos son los siguientes conceptos que vale la pena abrir si quieres que este término tenga más sentido dentro de un workflow real de Solana.

Blockchain General

Hash Function (Cryptographic)

A one-way mathematical function that maps arbitrary-length input to a fixed-size output (digest). Properties: deterministic, fast to compute, infeasible to reverse, collision-resistant. SHA-256 (used in Bitcoin, Solana PoH) produces 256-bit hashes. Keccak-256 is used in Ethereum. Hashes are used for block linking, Merkle trees, and data integrity.

Abrir término

Modelo de Programación

Firmante

An account that has provided a valid Ed25519 signature in the current transaction. The runtime enforces the is_signer flag on instruction account metas—if an instruction declares an account as a signer, the transaction must include its signature. Missing signer checks are a common vulnerability in Solana programs.

Abrir término

Blockchain General

OP_CAT

A proposed Bitcoin opcode (BIP 347) that would reintroduce byte-string concatenation to Tapscript, originally disabled by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2010 due to DoS concerns now mitigated by Tapscript's 520-byte stack element limit. OP_CAT would enable covenants (spending conditions constraining future transactions), Merkle proof verification, and more expressive smart contracts on Bitcoin. The proposal was assigned BIP 347 in April 2024 and is live on Signet for testing.

Abrir término

Blockchain General

Omnibus Account

Account pooling multiple clients' assets under one custodian name, with internal records tracking individual shares. Exposes clients to comingling risk if custodian fails. Blockchain wallets are inherently segregated — each address holds only its own tokens with no comingling.

Abrir término

Términos relacionados

Sigue los conceptos que realmente le dan contexto a este término.

Las entradas del glosario se vuelven útiles cuando están conectadas. Estos enlaces son el camino más corto hacia ideas adyacentes.

Blockchain Generalhash-function

Hash Function (Cryptographic)

A one-way mathematical function that maps arbitrary-length input to a fixed-size output (digest). Properties: deterministic, fast to compute, infeasible to reverse, collision-resistant. SHA-256 (used in Bitcoin, Solana PoH) produces 256-bit hashes. Keccak-256 is used in Ethereum. Hashes are used for block linking, Merkle trees, and data integrity.

Abrir término

Modelo de Programaciónsigner

Firmante

An account that has provided a valid Ed25519 signature in the current transaction. The runtime enforces the is_signer flag on instruction account metas—if an instruction declares an account as a signer, the transaction must include its signature. Missing signer checks are a common vulnerability in Solana programs.

Abrir término

Más en la categoría

Quédate en la misma capa y sigue construyendo contexto.

Estas entradas viven junto al término actual y ayudan a que la página se sienta parte de un grafo de conocimiento más amplio en lugar de un callejón sin salida.

Blockchain General

Blockchain

A distributed, append-only ledger that records transactions in cryptographically linked blocks. Each block contains a hash of the previous block, forming an immutable chain. Nodes in the network maintain copies of the ledger and reach agreement through consensus mechanisms. Blockchains enable trustless, decentralized record-keeping without a central authority.

Abrir término

Blockchain General

Mecanismo de Consenso

The protocol by which nodes in a distributed network agree on the current state of the ledger. Common mechanisms include Proof of Work (Bitcoin), Proof of Stake (Ethereum, Solana), and BFT variants. Consensus ensures all honest nodes converge on the same transaction history despite potential network delays or malicious actors.

Abrir término

Blockchain General

Prueba de Participación (PoS)

A consensus mechanism where validators are selected to produce blocks based on the amount of cryptocurrency they have staked (locked) as collateral. PoS is energy-efficient compared to Proof of Work. Misbehaving validators risk losing their stake (slashing). Solana, Ethereum (post-Merge), Cosmos, and Cardano use PoS variants.

Abrir término

Blockchain General

Prueba de Trabajo (PoW)

A consensus mechanism where miners compete to solve computationally expensive puzzles to produce blocks and earn rewards. PoW provides strong security (51% attack resistance) but is energy-intensive. Bitcoin and pre-Merge Ethereum use PoW. The difficulty adjusts to maintain target block times regardless of total network hash power.

Abrir término