OGGlossary OSVocabulario de Solana reconstruido para builders.
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Compresión ZK

Compressed Token

A compressed token is an SPL-compatible fungible or semi-fungible token whose per-account token balances are stored as leaves in a Concurrent Merkle Tree via Light Protocol's Compressed Token Program rather than as individual Token or Token-2022 accounts, reducing the account creation cost from ~0.002 SOL per token account to a negligible fraction of a lamport per leaf. Compressed tokens implement the same mint, transfer, burn, and delegation semantics as standard SPL tokens, but every operation requires a Merkle proof of the source leaf's existence and a validity proof of the state transition; the Compressed Token Program wraps the Light System Program to handle this ZK machinery transparently. This design is particularly valuable for airdrops, gaming economies, and reward systems where millions of user token accounts would otherwise impose prohibitive rent costs on the issuer or recipient.

IDcompressed-token
Lectura rápida

Lectura rápida

Empieza por la explicación más corta y útil antes de profundizar.

A compressed token is an SPL-compatible fungible or semi-fungible token whose per-account token balances are stored as leaves in a Concurrent Merkle Tree via Light Protocol's Compressed Token Program rather than as individual Token or Token-2022 accounts, reducing the account creation cost from ~0.002 SOL per token account to a negligible fraction of a lamport per leaf. Compressed tokens implement the same mint, transfer, burn, and delegation semantics as standard SPL tokens, but every operation requires a Merkle proof of the source leaf's existence and a validity proof of the state transition; the Compressed Token Program wraps the Light System Program to handle this ZK machinery transparently. This design is particularly valuable for airdrops, gaming economies, and reward systems where millions of user token accounts would otherwise impose prohibitive rent costs on the issuer or recipient.

Modelo mental

Modelo mental

Usa primero la analogía corta para razonar mejor sobre el término cuando aparezca en código, docs o prompts.

Piensa en esto como un bloque de construcción que conecta una definición aislada con el sistema mayor donde vive.

Contexto técnico

Contexto técnico

Ubica el término dentro de la capa de Solana en la que vive para razonar mejor sobre él.

Estado comprimido, pruebas y patrones de almacenamiento orientados a escala.

Por qué le importa a un builder

Por qué le importa a un builder

Convierte el término de vocabulario en algo operacional para producto e ingeniería.

Este término desbloquea conceptos adyacentes rápido, así que funciona mejor cuando lo tratas como un punto de conexión y no como una definición aislada.

Handoff para IA

Handoff para IA

Usa este bloque compacto cuando quieras dar contexto sólido a un agente o asistente sin volcar toda la página.

Compressed Token (compressed-token)
Categoría: Compresión ZK
Definición: A compressed token is an SPL-compatible fungible or semi-fungible token whose per-account token balances are stored as leaves in a Concurrent Merkle Tree via Light Protocol's Compressed Token Program rather than as individual Token or Token-2022 accounts, reducing the account creation cost from ~0.002 SOL per token account to a negligible fraction of a lamport per leaf. Compressed tokens implement the same mint, transfer, burn, and delegation semantics as standard SPL tokens, but every operation requires a Merkle proof of the source leaf's existence and a validity proof of the state transition; the Compressed Token Program wraps the Light System Program to handle this ZK machinery transparently. This design is particularly valuable for airdrops, gaming economies, and reward systems where millions of user token accounts would otherwise impose prohibitive rent costs on the issuer or recipient.
Relacionados: ZK Compression, Compressed Account, Programa SPL Token
Glossary Copilot

Haz preguntas de Solana con contexto aterrizado sin salir del glosario.

Usa contexto del glosario, relaciones entre términos, modelos mentales y builder paths para recibir respuestas estructuradas en vez de output genérico.

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Explicar este código

Opcional: pega código Anchor, Solana o Rust para que el Copilot mapee primitivas de vuelta al glosario.

Haz una pregunta aterrizada en el glosario

Haz una pregunta aterrizada en el glosario

El Copilot responderá usando el término actual, conceptos relacionados, modelos mentales y el grafo alrededor del glosario.

Grafo conceptual

Ve el término como parte de una red, no como una definición aislada.

Estas ramas muestran qué conceptos toca este término directamente y qué existe una capa más allá de ellos.

Rama

ZK Compression

ZK Compression, pioneered by Light Protocol, extends Solana's state compression model beyond NFTs to general-purpose compressed accounts by using zero-knowledge proofs (specifically Groth16 SNARKs verified via the alt_bn128 syscall) to prove the validity of state transitions without storing full account state on-chain. Compressed accounts live in on-chain Merkle trees but their data is reconstructed from the Solana ledger by indexers like Photon, enabling developers to build applications that use thousands of accounts at a fraction of the normal rent cost — often 1,000x to 5,000x cheaper than regular accounts. The protocol introduces compressed tokens, compressed PDAs, and a system of nullifiers to prevent double-spends while maintaining Solana's throughput.

State Compression
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Rama

Compressed Account

A compressed account is a Solana account whose state is stored as a leaf in an on-chain Concurrent Merkle Tree rather than as a dedicated on-chain account, making it 100–1,000x cheaper to create and maintain because no rent-exempt lamport balance is required per account. Compressed accounts are identified by a hash of their data and position in the tree; to interact with one, a client must supply a Merkle proof (or rely on the canopy) showing the leaf is part of the current tree root, which the on-chain program verifies before processing the state change. Light Protocol's compressed account model supports arbitrary data, discriminators, and owner programs, making it a general-purpose replacement for expensive on-chain accounts in high-volume use cases.

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Rama

Programa SPL Token

The original Solana Program Library token program (TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA) that implements fungible and non-fungible token operations. It manages mints (token definitions) and token accounts (balances). Core instructions include InitializeMint, MintTo, Transfer, Burn, Approve (delegation), and Revoke. All SPL tokens on mainnet before Token-2022 use this program.

MintCuenta de Token
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Siguientes conceptos para explorar

Mantén la cadena de aprendizaje en movimiento en lugar de parar en una sola definición.

Estos son los siguientes conceptos que vale la pena abrir si quieres que este término tenga más sentido dentro de un workflow real de Solana.

Compresión ZK

ZK Compression

ZK Compression, pioneered by Light Protocol, extends Solana's state compression model beyond NFTs to general-purpose compressed accounts by using zero-knowledge proofs (specifically Groth16 SNARKs verified via the alt_bn128 syscall) to prove the validity of state transitions without storing full account state on-chain. Compressed accounts live in on-chain Merkle trees but their data is reconstructed from the Solana ledger by indexers like Photon, enabling developers to build applications that use thousands of accounts at a fraction of the normal rent cost — often 1,000x to 5,000x cheaper than regular accounts. The protocol introduces compressed tokens, compressed PDAs, and a system of nullifiers to prevent double-spends while maintaining Solana's throughput.

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Compresión ZK

Compressed Account

A compressed account is a Solana account whose state is stored as a leaf in an on-chain Concurrent Merkle Tree rather than as a dedicated on-chain account, making it 100–1,000x cheaper to create and maintain because no rent-exempt lamport balance is required per account. Compressed accounts are identified by a hash of their data and position in the tree; to interact with one, a client must supply a Merkle proof (or rely on the canopy) showing the leaf is part of the current tree root, which the on-chain program verifies before processing the state change. Light Protocol's compressed account model supports arbitrary data, discriminators, and owner programs, making it a general-purpose replacement for expensive on-chain accounts in high-volume use cases.

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Ecosistema de Tokens

Programa SPL Token

The original Solana Program Library token program (TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA) that implements fungible and non-fungible token operations. It manages mints (token definitions) and token accounts (balances). Core instructions include InitializeMint, MintTo, Transfer, Burn, Approve (delegation), and Revoke. All SPL tokens on mainnet before Token-2022 use this program.

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Compresión ZK

Concurrent Merkle Tree

A Concurrent Merkle Tree (CMT) is a specialized on-chain Solana data structure that allows multiple state updates to the same Merkle tree within a single block without conflicting, by recording a changelog buffer of recent root transitions that validators use to reconcile parallel proof submissions. A CMT is parameterized by its maximum depth (max_depth, determining tree capacity of 2^max_depth leaves), max_buffer_size (number of concurrent changes the changelog can track, directly controlling how many operations per slot the tree can safely absorb), and an optional canopy_depth. The SPL Account Compression program manages CMTs, and they are the foundational storage primitive for both Metaplex compressed NFTs and Light Protocol compressed accounts.

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Comúnmente confundido con

Términos cercanos en vocabulario, acrónimo o vecindad conceptual.

Estas entradas son fáciles de mezclar cuando lees rápido, haces prompting a un LLM o estás entrando en una nueva capa de Solana.

Compresión ZKcompressed-account

Compressed Account

A compressed account is a Solana account whose state is stored as a leaf in an on-chain Concurrent Merkle Tree rather than as a dedicated on-chain account, making it 100–1,000x cheaper to create and maintain because no rent-exempt lamport balance is required per account. Compressed accounts are identified by a hash of their data and position in the tree; to interact with one, a client must supply a Merkle proof (or rely on the canopy) showing the leaf is part of the current tree root, which the on-chain program verifies before processing the state change. Light Protocol's compressed account model supports arbitrary data, discriminators, and owner programs, making it a general-purpose replacement for expensive on-chain accounts in high-volume use cases.

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Compresión ZKcompressed-pda

Compressed PDA

A PDA-like addressing scheme for compressed accounts in the ZK Compression system. Compressed PDAs provide deterministic, program-derived addressing for compressed account leaves, enabling programs to locate and reference compressed state using seeds and program IDs similar to regular PDAs. The address is derived from seeds and stored as part of the compressed account's leaf data in the Merkle tree, with the Light System Program enforcing uniqueness through an address queue and nullifier mechanism.

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Compresión ZKlight-token-program

Light Token Program

The ZK Compression program within Light Protocol that handles compressed SPL token operations including minting, transferring, burning, and delegating compressed tokens. It wraps the Light System Program to manage Merkle tree state transitions and validity proofs transparently while exposing an interface similar to standard SPL Token instructions. The Light Token Program enables token operations at a fraction of the cost of regular SPL Token accounts by storing balances as compressed Merkle tree leaves rather than individual on-chain accounts.

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Términos relacionados

Sigue los conceptos que realmente le dan contexto a este término.

Las entradas del glosario se vuelven útiles cuando están conectadas. Estos enlaces son el camino más corto hacia ideas adyacentes.

Compresión ZKzk-compression

ZK Compression

ZK Compression, pioneered by Light Protocol, extends Solana's state compression model beyond NFTs to general-purpose compressed accounts by using zero-knowledge proofs (specifically Groth16 SNARKs verified via the alt_bn128 syscall) to prove the validity of state transitions without storing full account state on-chain. Compressed accounts live in on-chain Merkle trees but their data is reconstructed from the Solana ledger by indexers like Photon, enabling developers to build applications that use thousands of accounts at a fraction of the normal rent cost — often 1,000x to 5,000x cheaper than regular accounts. The protocol introduces compressed tokens, compressed PDAs, and a system of nullifiers to prevent double-spends while maintaining Solana's throughput.

Abrir término
Compresión ZKcompressed-account

Compressed Account

A compressed account is a Solana account whose state is stored as a leaf in an on-chain Concurrent Merkle Tree rather than as a dedicated on-chain account, making it 100–1,000x cheaper to create and maintain because no rent-exempt lamport balance is required per account. Compressed accounts are identified by a hash of their data and position in the tree; to interact with one, a client must supply a Merkle proof (or rely on the canopy) showing the leaf is part of the current tree root, which the on-chain program verifies before processing the state change. Light Protocol's compressed account model supports arbitrary data, discriminators, and owner programs, making it a general-purpose replacement for expensive on-chain accounts in high-volume use cases.

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Ecosistema de Tokensspl-token

Programa SPL Token

The original Solana Program Library token program (TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA) that implements fungible and non-fungible token operations. It manages mints (token definitions) and token accounts (balances). Core instructions include InitializeMint, MintTo, Transfer, Burn, Approve (delegation), and Revoke. All SPL tokens on mainnet before Token-2022 use this program.

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Más en la categoría

Quédate en la misma capa y sigue construyendo contexto.

Estas entradas viven junto al término actual y ayudan a que la página se sienta parte de un grafo de conocimiento más amplio en lugar de un callejón sin salida.

Compresión ZK

State Compression

State Compression is Solana's technique for storing the cryptographic fingerprint (root hash) of a Merkle tree on-chain while keeping the actual leaf data off-chain in the Solana ledger's account data logs, reducing the cost of storing large datasets by orders of magnitude. A compressed NFT collection of 1 million items costs roughly 50 SOL to mint versus ~12,000 SOL with standard SPL accounts, because only a single Concurrent Merkle Tree account occupies on-chain storage. Any data change requires updating the root hash and supplying a Merkle proof to the on-chain program, which verifies inclusion without reading the full dataset.

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Compresión ZK

ZK Compression

ZK Compression, pioneered by Light Protocol, extends Solana's state compression model beyond NFTs to general-purpose compressed accounts by using zero-knowledge proofs (specifically Groth16 SNARKs verified via the alt_bn128 syscall) to prove the validity of state transitions without storing full account state on-chain. Compressed accounts live in on-chain Merkle trees but their data is reconstructed from the Solana ledger by indexers like Photon, enabling developers to build applications that use thousands of accounts at a fraction of the normal rent cost — often 1,000x to 5,000x cheaper than regular accounts. The protocol introduces compressed tokens, compressed PDAs, and a system of nullifiers to prevent double-spends while maintaining Solana's throughput.

Abrir término
Compresión ZK

Compressed Account

A compressed account is a Solana account whose state is stored as a leaf in an on-chain Concurrent Merkle Tree rather than as a dedicated on-chain account, making it 100–1,000x cheaper to create and maintain because no rent-exempt lamport balance is required per account. Compressed accounts are identified by a hash of their data and position in the tree; to interact with one, a client must supply a Merkle proof (or rely on the canopy) showing the leaf is part of the current tree root, which the on-chain program verifies before processing the state change. Light Protocol's compressed account model supports arbitrary data, discriminators, and owner programs, making it a general-purpose replacement for expensive on-chain accounts in high-volume use cases.

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Compresión ZK

Concurrent Merkle Tree

A Concurrent Merkle Tree (CMT) is a specialized on-chain Solana data structure that allows multiple state updates to the same Merkle tree within a single block without conflicting, by recording a changelog buffer of recent root transitions that validators use to reconcile parallel proof submissions. A CMT is parameterized by its maximum depth (max_depth, determining tree capacity of 2^max_depth leaves), max_buffer_size (number of concurrent changes the changelog can track, directly controlling how many operations per slot the tree can safely absorb), and an optional canopy_depth. The SPL Account Compression program manages CMTs, and they are the foundational storage primitive for both Metaplex compressed NFTs and Light Protocol compressed accounts.

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