A specification defining how tokens are created and managed on a blockchain. Ethereum: ERC-20 (fungible), ERC-721 (NFT), ERC-1155 (multi-token). Solana: SPL Token (fungible/NFT), Token-2022 (extended features), Metaplex standards (NFT metadata). Standards ensure wallet/marketplace interoperability and composability across the ecosystem.
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A specification defining how tokens are created and managed on a blockchain. Ethereum: ERC-20 (fungible), ERC-721 (NFT), ERC-1155 (multi-token). Solana: SPL Token (fungible/NFT), Token-2022 (extended features), Metaplex standards (NFT metadata). Standards ensure wallet/marketplace interoperability and composability across the ecosystem.
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Wallets, signing flows, dApps, and key management concepts.
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Token Standard (token-standard) Category: Web3 Definition: A specification defining how tokens are created and managed on a blockchain. Ethereum: ERC-20 (fungible), ERC-721 (NFT), ERC-1155 (multi-token). Solana: SPL Token (fungible/NFT), Token-2022 (extended features), Metaplex standards (NFT metadata). Standards ensure wallet/marketplace interoperability and composability across the ecosystem. Related: SPL Token Program, Token-2022 (Token Extensions), NFT (Non-Fungible Token)
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The original Solana Program Library token program (TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA) that implements fungible and non-fungible token operations. It manages mints (token definitions) and token accounts (balances). Core instructions include InitializeMint, MintTo, Transfer, Burn, Approve (delegation), and Revoke. All SPL tokens on mainnet before Token-2022 use this program.
The next-generation token program (TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb) that extends SPL Token with configurable extensions. Extensions include transfer fees, confidential transfers, transfer hooks, permanent delegate, non-transferable tokens, interest-bearing tokens, metadata, and more. Token-2022 is backwards-compatible with SPL Token for basic operations.
A non-fungible token on Solana—an SPL token with 0 decimals, supply of 1, and revoked mint authority. The NFT's metadata (image, attributes) is stored off-chain (Arweave/IPFS) linked via the Metaplex metadata account's URI field. NFTs can be standard, compressed (cNFT), programmable (pNFT), or Core assets, each with different trade-offs.
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The permission granted to a program or delegate address to spend a specified amount of tokens from your account on your behalf. Token approvals are necessary for DeFi interactions like swapping or depositing into liquidity pools. On Solana, the SPL Token program's approve instruction sets a delegate and approved amount on a token account. Approvals should be set to the minimum needed and revoked when no longer required to limit exposure to potential exploits.
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The original Solana Program Library token program (TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA) that implements fungible and non-fungible token operations. It manages mints (token definitions) and token accounts (balances). Core instructions include InitializeMint, MintTo, Transfer, Burn, Approve (delegation), and Revoke. All SPL tokens on mainnet before Token-2022 use this program.
The next-generation token program (TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb) that extends SPL Token with configurable extensions. Extensions include transfer fees, confidential transfers, transfer hooks, permanent delegate, non-transferable tokens, interest-bearing tokens, metadata, and more. Token-2022 is backwards-compatible with SPL Token for basic operations.
A non-fungible token on Solana—an SPL token with 0 decimals, supply of 1, and revoked mint authority. The NFT's metadata (image, attributes) is stored off-chain (Arweave/IPFS) linked via the Metaplex metadata account's URI field. NFTs can be standard, compressed (cNFT), programmable (pNFT), or Core assets, each with different trade-offs.
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The vision of a decentralized internet built on blockchain technology, where users own their data, identity, and digital assets. Web1 was read-only (static pages), Web2 is read-write (platforms like social media), Web3 is read-write-own (permissionless, user-sovereign). Web3 applications use wallets instead of logins and smart contracts instead of centralized servers.
An application with its backend logic running on a blockchain as smart contracts rather than centralized servers. dApps typically have a traditional web frontend that interacts with on-chain programs via RPC. Users authenticate with wallets instead of username/password. Examples: Uniswap (Ethereum DEX), Jupiter (Solana DEX), Magic Eden (NFT marketplace).
Software or hardware that manages cryptographic keys and enables users to sign transactions, view balances, and interact with dApps. Hot wallets (Phantom, Solflare, Backpack) are internet-connected for convenience. Cold wallets (Ledger, Trezor) store keys offline for security. Wallets don't actually 'hold' tokens—they hold the private keys that control on-chain accounts.
A 12 or 24-word human-readable backup of a wallet's master private key, generated using BIP-39 standard. The seed phrase can deterministically regenerate all derived keypairs (BIP-44 derivation paths). Losing the seed phrase means permanently losing access to all associated accounts. Never share, photograph, or store seed phrases digitally in plain text.