The Solana SDK function for CPIs where a PDA must sign: `invoke_signed(instruction, account_infos, signer_seeds)`. The runtime verifies that the seeds + bump produce the expected PDA pubkey and grants signer privileges for that account. This is how programs authorize actions on behalf of PDAs they own.
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The Solana SDK function for CPIs where a PDA must sign: `invoke_signed(instruction, account_infos, signer_seeds)`. The runtime verifies that the seeds + bump produce the expected PDA pubkey and grants signer privileges for that account. This is how programs authorize actions on behalf of PDAs they own.
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Accounts, instructions, PDAs, transactions, and execution flow.
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invoke_signed() (invoke-signed) Category: Programming Model Definition: The Solana SDK function for CPIs where a PDA must sign: `invoke_signed(instruction, account_infos, signer_seeds)`. The runtime verifies that the seeds + bump produce the expected PDA pubkey and grants signer privileges for that account. This is how programs authorize actions on behalf of PDAs they own. Related: Cross-Program Invocation (CPI), invoke(), Program Derived Address (PDA)
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A mechanism for one program to call another program's instructions during execution. CPIs enable composability—e.g., a DeFi program can call the Token Program to transfer tokens. CPI depth is limited to 4 levels. The caller passes accounts and instruction data, and the callee runs with the same transaction context.
The Solana SDK function used to execute a CPI without PDA signing: `invoke(instruction, account_infos)`. All required signers must have already signed the outer transaction. Use invoke when calling programs that only need signatures from user wallets, not from PDAs.
An account address derived deterministically from a program ID and a set of seeds, with no corresponding private key. PDAs are created by finding a pubkey that does NOT lie on the Ed25519 curve (using a bump seed). Since there's no private key, only the deriving program can sign for the PDA via invoke_signed, making PDAs ideal for program-controlled state.
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The Solana SDK function used to execute a CPI without PDA signing: `invoke(instruction, account_infos)`. All required signers must have already signed the outer transaction. Use invoke when calling programs that only need signatures from user wallets, not from PDAs.
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A mechanism for one program to call another program's instructions during execution. CPIs enable composability—e.g., a DeFi program can call the Token Program to transfer tokens. CPI depth is limited to 4 levels. The caller passes accounts and instruction data, and the callee runs with the same transaction context.
The Solana SDK function used to execute a CPI without PDA signing: `invoke(instruction, account_infos)`. All required signers must have already signed the outer transaction. Use invoke when calling programs that only need signatures from user wallets, not from PDAs.
An account address derived deterministically from a program ID and a set of seeds, with no corresponding private key. PDAs are created by finding a pubkey that does NOT lie on the Ed25519 curve (using a bump seed). Since there's no private key, only the deriving program can sign for the PDA via invoke_signed, making PDAs ideal for program-controlled state.
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The fundamental data storage unit on Solana. Every piece of state is stored in an account identified by a 32-byte public key. Accounts hold a lamport balance, an owner program, a data byte array (up to 10MB), and an executable flag. Only the owning program can modify an account's data, but anyone can credit lamports to it.
Executable code deployed on-chain, equivalent to a smart contract on other blockchains. Programs are stateless—they store no data themselves but read/write data in separate accounts they own. Programs are compiled to SBF bytecode and loaded via the BPF Loader. Every program has a unique Program ID (its account's public key).
A single operation within a transaction that invokes a program. An instruction specifies: (1) the program ID to call, (2) an array of account metas (pubkey, is_signer, is_writable), and (3) an opaque data byte array. Programs decode the instruction data to determine which operation to perform.
An atomic unit of execution containing one or more instructions, a recent blockhash, and one or more signatures. All instructions in a transaction execute sequentially and atomically—if any instruction fails, the entire transaction reverts. Transactions have a 1,232-byte size limit (matching IPv6 MTU) and a default 200,000 CU budget.