Authenticated encryption scheme combining AES block cipher with Galois/Counter Mode and Synthetic Initialization Vector for nonce-misuse resistance. Used in Solana's Token-2022 confidential transfers to encrypt token amounts on-chain while preserving the ability to prove balance validity through zero-knowledge proofs.
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Authenticated encryption scheme combining AES block cipher with Galois/Counter Mode and Synthetic Initialization Vector for nonce-misuse resistance. Used in Solana's Token-2022 confidential transfers to encrypt token amounts on-chain while preserving the ability to prove balance validity through zero-knowledge proofs.
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AES-GCM-SIV (aes-gcm-siv) Category: Programming Fundamentals Definition: Authenticated encryption scheme combining AES block cipher with Galois/Counter Mode and Synthetic Initialization Vector for nonce-misuse resistance. Used in Solana's Token-2022 confidential transfers to encrypt token amounts on-chain while preserving the ability to prove balance validity through zero-knowledge proofs. Aliases: AES-GCM Related: Confidential Transfers, Encryption, Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP)
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A Token-2022 extension that uses zero-knowledge proofs (Twisted ElGamal encryption over Ristretto255) to hide transfer amounts while keeping the token mint and accounts public. Balances are stored in encrypted form with separate 'pending' and 'available' pools. The account owner can decrypt their balance but others cannot see amounts.
The process of converting plaintext data into ciphertext that can only be read with the correct decryption key. Symmetric encryption (AES) uses one key for both operations. Asymmetric encryption (RSA, ECIES) uses public/private key pairs. On Solana, encryption is used in confidential transfers (Twisted ElGamal), off-chain communication, and wallet security.
A zero-knowledge proof is a cryptographic protocol by which a prover convinces a verifier that a statement is true — for example, that a state transition is valid — without revealing any information beyond the truth of the statement itself, satisfying the properties of completeness, soundness, and zero-knowledge. In Solana's ecosystem, ZKPs are used by ZK Compression (via Groth16 SNARKs) to prove correct state transitions for compressed accounts without storing full account state on-chain, and by the Token-2022 Confidential Transfers extension (via ElGamal encryption and range proofs) to prove token balances are non-negative without revealing the actual amounts. Solana's BPF VM exposes the alt_bn128 elliptic curve syscall to make on-chain Groth16 proof verification computationally feasible within the 1.4M compute unit budget.
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A Token-2022 extension that uses zero-knowledge proofs (Twisted ElGamal encryption over Ristretto255) to hide transfer amounts while keeping the token mint and accounts public. Balances are stored in encrypted form with separate 'pending' and 'available' pools. The account owner can decrypt their balance but others cannot see amounts.
The process of converting plaintext data into ciphertext that can only be read with the correct decryption key. Symmetric encryption (AES) uses one key for both operations. Asymmetric encryption (RSA, ECIES) uses public/private key pairs. On Solana, encryption is used in confidential transfers (Twisted ElGamal), off-chain communication, and wallet security.
A zero-knowledge proof is a cryptographic protocol by which a prover convinces a verifier that a statement is true — for example, that a state transition is valid — without revealing any information beyond the truth of the statement itself, satisfying the properties of completeness, soundness, and zero-knowledge. In Solana's ecosystem, ZKPs are used by ZK Compression (via Groth16 SNARKs) to prove correct state transitions for compressed accounts without storing full account state on-chain, and by the Token-2022 Confidential Transfers extension (via ElGamal encryption and range proofs) to prove token balances are non-negative without revealing the actual amounts. Solana's BPF VM exposes the alt_bn128 elliptic curve syscall to make on-chain Groth16 proof verification computationally feasible within the 1.4M compute unit budget.
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A systems programming language emphasizing memory safety, zero-cost abstractions, and concurrency without a garbage collector. Rust uses an ownership model with borrow checking at compile time to prevent data races and null pointer bugs. It is the primary language for Solana program development (via Anchor or native solana-program crate) and the Agave validator client.
A statically typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript. TypeScript adds type annotations, interfaces, generics, and enums to catch errors at compile time. It is the standard language for Solana client-side development—wallet adapters, dApp frontends, test suites, and SDK interactions (web3.js, Anchor client) are typically written in TypeScript.
The ubiquitous scripting language for web development, running in browsers and Node.js. JavaScript is dynamically typed and event-driven. Most Solana dApp frontends and scripts use JavaScript/TypeScript with libraries like @solana/web3.js. Node.js enables server-side JS for backend services, indexers, and bot development.
A JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 engine that enables server-side JavaScript execution. Node.js uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model. In the Solana ecosystem, Node.js is used for: running Anchor tests (Mocha/Jest), backend services, transaction bots, indexers, and CLI tools. npm/yarn/pnpm manage JavaScript package dependencies.